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Plants were collected from five beaches of five counties in Taiwan (Yilan 24.718°N, 121.832☎, Taoyuan 25.047°N, 121.076☎, Hsinchu 24.765°N, 120.911☎, Miaoli 24.622°N, 120.756☎ and Taipei 25.029°N, 121.935☎), while in the two remaining counties (Pingtung and Chiayi), plants were obtained at other habitats. Among the fungi most frequently isolated as endophytes, a species was identified as member of Sarocladium, but was not identical to any of the previously described species.ĭuring the years 2011–2012, individuals of Spinifex littoreus were collected in seven locations distributed on sandy sites of the northern, western and southern coast of Taiwan. For this reason, we studied endophytes and other fungi associated with this plant. littoreus is important for stabilizing and protecting coastal areas, very little has been published about the organisms associated with this plant. By this growth, populations of this plant contribute to the formation of dunes (Maun, 2009). To propagate and over-come sand burial, the species produces vertical and horizontal rhizomes and stolons. (Poaceae) grows in littoral sandy beaches and dunes. On the coast of Taiwan, the grass Spinifex littoreus (Burm. Most strains have been isolated from members of Poaceae, such as bamboo, maize, rice, and other cereals and wild grasses (Gams, 1971 Gams and Hawksworth, 1976 Summerbell et al., 2011). is considered a mutualistic maize endophyte protective against herbivory (Tschen et al., 1997 Bills et al., 2004 Summerbell et al., 2011 Racedo et al., 2013, as Acremonium strictum). strictum is able to cause disease of sorghum and strawberry plants, and S. The species of Sarocladium have many important applications. By molecular analysis, Sarocladium can be connected to the Hypocreales, but the relationship with a teleomorph on the species, genus, and family level is completely unknown. In 2011, according to phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the LSU rDNA, Sarocladium was extended to include 7 species formerly placed in Acremonium (Summerbell et al., 2011).

mycophilum Helfer were described in 19, respectively (Helfer, 1991 Liao and Wu, 2000). The characteristics of the genus are phialides being narrowly cylindrical, hardly tapering towards the apices, lacking collarettes, producing one-celled, cylindrical, hyaline conidia (Gams and Hawksworth, 1976). The genus Sarocladium was erected by Gams and Hawksworth ( 1976) based on a species described by Sawada in Taiwan, first including two fungal pathogens causing sheath rot of rice, with the type species Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W.

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